Japan should take measures to encourage more women to work to overcome the economic challenges posed by the aging of its population, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development said Friday.

In some OECD countries facing particularly rapid population aging, such as Japan, Germany and South Korea, “bringing more women into the labor market and ensuring that they are fully integrated remain key challenges, along with the need to boost productivity in services,” the organization said in a report on structural reforms in member countries and nonmember emerging economies.

In Japan, the working-age population is expected to fall by 40 percent by 2050, the OECD said.